I have often come across the theory that concepts that seem new at first are really just combinations of other more basic concepts. However, I'm considering right now the idea that concepts may behave in a way similar to physical reality in giving emergence to things that are substantially different from their component parts. Human consciousness, for example, is very different from the physical components from which it emerges. This leads me to ask if concepts can also interact in such a way as to give emergence to other concepts that are genuinely new. Furthermore, if new concepts are actually possible, then is it also possible to discover things in nature that suggest concepts that are vastly different from concepts that one is already familiar with?